真空炉选购方法-真空钎焊-真空钎焊工艺-东俊真空钎焊工作室

真空炉选购方法Vacuum Furnace Purchasing Guide
真空炉选购指南真空炉按结构分可分为立式及卧式两种系列，立式系列又分为钟罩升降式与底部托盘升降式两种。卧式系列又分单开门结构与前后双开门结构两种。炉体均采用水冷夹壁结构。 Vacuum furnaces are classified by structure into vertical and horizontal series. The vertical series includes bell-jar lifting type and bottom tray lifting type. The horizontal series includes single-door structure and front-and-back double-door structure. The furnace body adopts a water-cooled jacket structure.
真空炉按结构分为立式和卧式两大系列。立式系列包括钟罩式提升和底盘式提升。卧式系列包括单门结构和前后双门结构。炉体采用水冷夹套结构。真空炉加热保温室采用全金属型及复合型两种可供选择，全金属型采用耐热不锈钢与钼屏组成；复合型采用耐热不锈钢、钼屏与碳毡、莫来石纤维或硅酸盐纤维组成。具体选择取决于用户的工艺条件和对工艺环境的要求。 The heating insulation chamber of vacuum furnaces offers two options: all-metal type and composite type. The all-metal type is composed of heat-resistant stainless steel and molybdenum shields; the composite type is composed of heat-resistant stainless steel, molybdenum shields, and carbon felt, mullite fiber, or silicate fiber. The specific selection depends on the user's process conditions and requirements for the process environment.
真空炉的加热隔热室有两种选择：全金属型和复合型。全金属型由耐热不锈钢和钼屏蔽层组成；复合型由耐热不锈钢、钼屏蔽层以及碳毡、莫来石纤维或硅酸盐纤维组成。具体选择取决于用户的工艺条件和工艺环境要求。1、石墨反射屏:一般在真空炉上使用的有硬毡和软毡两种，适用于一般钢材的淬火、回火、退火。高温钎焊、粉末冶金和烧结等。

Graphite reflection screens: Generally, there are two types used in vacuum furnaces—hard felt and soft felt—suitable for quenching, tempering, and annealing of general steels, as well as high-temperature brazing, powder metallurgy, and sintering.
石墨反射屏：一般来说，真空炉中使用的石墨反射屏有两种类型——硬毡和软毡——适用于普通钢的淬火、回火和退火，以及高温钎焊、粉末冶金和烧结。

2、金属隔热屏; 一般在真空炉上使用的有不锈钢和钼两种。钼反射屏适用于高温、对炉内环境要求较高的材料的（如：高温合金、钛合金、磁性材料等）淬火、退火、高温钎焊、烧结等。不锈钢反射屏适用于回火、低温退火、时效、真空铝钎焊等，一些低温炉型的选择。

Metal heat shields: Generally, there are two types used in vacuum furnaces—stainless steel and molybdenum. Molybdenum reflection screens are suitable for high-temperature materials with strict requirements for the furnace environment (such as high-temperature alloys, titanium alloys, magnetic materials, etc.), including quenching, annealing, high-temperature brazing, and sintering. Stainless steel reflection screens are suitable for tempering, low-temperature annealing, aging, vacuum aluminum brazing, etc., and are selected for some low-temperature furnace types.
金属隔热罩：真空炉中通常使用两种类型的隔热罩——不锈钢和钼。钼反射罩适用于对炉内环境要求严格的高温材料（例如高温合金、钛合金、磁性材料等），包括淬火、退火、高温钎焊和烧结等工艺。不锈钢反射罩适用于回火、低温退火、时效、真空铝钎焊等工艺，常用于某些低温炉。

3、加热器有镍铬丝(带)、钼丝(带、棒)、石墨等几种类型，具体的选择取决于用户要求的最高温度。加热器分布方式有四面加热型和全方位加热两种，确保用户对炉内温度均匀型的要求。

Heaters include types such as nichrome wire (strip), molybdenum wire (strip, rod), graphite, etc. The specific selection depends on the maximum temperature required by the user. Heater distribution methods include four-sided heating type and all-around heating type to ensure the user's requirements for temperature uniformity in the furnace.
加热器类型包括镍铬丝（带）、钼丝（带、棒）、石墨等。具体选择取决于用户所需的最高温度。加热器分布方式包括四面加热式和全方位加热式，以确保炉内温度均匀性满足用户要求。

4、冷却系统有罗茨鼓风机外循环结构、离心风机外循环结构、冷壁离心风机内循环结构等几种类型，满足不同降温速度的要求。

Cooling systems include types such as Roots blower external circulation structure, centrifugal fan external circulation structure, and cold-wall centrifugal fan internal circulation structure, etc., to meet different cooling rate requirements.
冷却系统包括罗茨鼓风机外循环结构、离心风机外循环结构、冷壁离心风机内循环结构等类型，以满足不同的冷却速率要求。

5、真空炉真空度的选择
抽真空系统有离子泵+涡轮分子泵+机械泵、涡轮分子泵+机械泵、扩散泵+罗茨泵+机械泵、罗茨泵+机械泵、低温冷凝泵+机械泵等几种类型，根据极限真空度指标选择。

Selection of vacuum degree for vacuum furnaces
真空炉真空度的选择
Vacuum pumping systems include types such as ion pump + turbomolecular pump + mechanical pump, turbomolecular pump + mechanical pump, diffusion pump + Roots pump + mechanical pump, Roots pump + mechanical pump, cryogenic condensation pump + mechanical pump, etc. Selection is based on the ultimate vacuum degree indicator.
真空泵系统包括离子泵+涡轮分子泵+机械泵、涡轮分子泵+机械泵、扩散泵+罗茨泵+机械泵、罗茨泵+机械泵、低温冷凝泵+机械泵等类型。选择依据极限真空度指标。

1、淬火热处理可选用中真空的（一般极限4X10-1Pa）采用两级泵（前级泵和罗茨泵）如轴承钢、模具钢、结构钢等的真空热处理。

For quenching heat treatment, medium vacuum can be selected (generally ultimate 4×10^{-1} Pa), using two-stage pumps (maintenance pump and Roots pump), such as vacuum heat treatment for bearing steel, die steel, structural steel, etc.
对于淬火热处理，可以选择中等真空（一般极限为 4×10^{-1} Pa），使用两级泵（维护泵和罗茨泵），例如轴承钢、模具钢、结构钢等的真空热处理。

2、对一些要求高真空的产品，如（高温合金、钛合金、磁性材料等的真空热处理或高温钎焊。可选择三级泵（前级泵。罗茨泵、扩散泵等）一般要求真空度的极限在10-4Pa。

For some products requiring high vacuum, such as vacuum heat treatment or high-temperature brazing of high-temperature alloys, titanium alloys, magnetic materials, etc., three-stage pumps can be selected (maintenance pump, Roots pump, diffusion pump, etc.), generally requiring an ultimate vacuum degree of 10^{-4} Pa.
对于一些需要高真空的产品，如高温合金、钛合金、磁性材料等的真空热处理或高温钎焊，可以选择三级泵（维护泵、罗茨泵、扩散泵等），一般要求极限真空度为 10^{-4} Pa。

6、温度控制系统的选择采用进口智能温控仪，以进口温度控制仪和可编程控制器为核心，实现了温度可编程、手动和自动控制。能实现升温、恒温、降温的自动控制功能；具有工艺曲线存储功能，可存储多条不同的工艺曲线；具有升降温速度可调及准确的时钟功能，可以同时显示实际温度和设定温度等多种参数；具有PID参数自运算及掉电保护功能。具有完善的报警及保护措施。配有进口多点记录仪，可记录全部工艺过程的真空度、压力、温度等工艺曲线，便于工艺分析、质量监控及生产管理。计算机控制系统；以工控机和可编程控制器为核心工艺编程，储存、做成报表。可计算机独立操作，自动、手动，工艺编程等。

Selection of temperature control system
温度控制系统的选择Imported intelligent temperature controllers are adopted, with imported temperature controllers and programmable controllers as the core, achieving programmable temperature, manual, and automatic control. It can realize automatic control functions for heating, constant temperature, and cooling; with process curve storage function, able to store multiple different process curves; with adjustable heating and cooling rates and accurate clock function, capable of simultaneously displaying actual temperature, set temperature, and other parameters; with PID parameter self-calculation and power-off protection functions. It has complete alarm and protection measures. Equipped with imported multi-point recorders, capable of recording process curves such as vacuum degree, pressure, temperature, etc., throughout the entire process, facilitating process analysis, quality monitoring, and production management. Computer control system: with industrial computer and programmable controller as the core for process programming, storage, and report generation. It supports independent computer operation, automatic/manual modes, process programming, etc.
采用进口智能温控器，以进口温控器和可编程控制器为核心，实现可编程温度、手动和自动控制。可实现加热、恒温和冷却的自动控制功能；具备过程曲线存储功能，可存储多条不同的过程曲线；具有可调的加热和冷却速率以及精确的时钟功能，能够同时显示实际温度、设定温度和其他参数；具备 PID 参数自计算和断电保护功能。具备完善的报警和保护措施。配备进口多点记录仪，可记录整个过程中的真空度、压力、温度等过程曲线，便于过程分析、质量监控和生产管理。计算机控制系统：以工业计算机和可编程控制器为核心，用于过程编程、存储和报表生成。支持独立计算机操作、自动/手动模式、过程编程等。
温度控制系统采用进口智能温度控制器，以进口温度控制器和可编程控制器为核心，实现可编程温度、手动和自动控制。可实现加热的自动控制功能。

7、真空计可选用高可靠的进口数字智能真空计或国产质优的真空计，确保真空度与温度控制连锁，满足工艺要求。

Vacuum gauges can select highly reliable imported digital intelligent vacuum gauges or high-quality domestic vacuum gauges to ensure interlocking between vacuum degree and temperature control, meeting process requirements.
真空计可以选择高可靠性的进口数字智能真空计或高质量的国产真空计，以确保真空度和温度控制之间的联锁，满足工艺要求。

8、以工控机为核心对多台真空炉的方式进行：监测、采集数据、运行情况、报表管理等为一体的高科技控制系统。具有手动及自动两种工作方式，用户可以选择全手动工作方式，也可以选择工控机群控多台的方式。

An advanced high-tech control system with industrial computer as the core for multiple vacuum furnaces, integrating monitoring, data collection, operation status, report management, etc. It features both manual and automatic working modes. Users can choose fully manual operation or industrial computer group control for multiple units.